The Reformist Revolution: the redesigning of the Canadian political landscape that lead to Harper's Majority

How did Haper get here?

Monday morning the whole of Canada awoke to the news of the new Harper majority with 167 seats in parliament out of 308 total seats it appeared to be really a strong conservative mandate that would be instated in Ottawa. It's been a long trend since 2006 and the first Harper government, since then Canada, Canadian values have metamorphosed into something unrecognizable, unthinkable for Canadians merely 5 years back. But what really does this Harper majority mean for Canada? What does this election of 167 MPs teach us about the changing nature of Canadian politics?

The logo of the Reform Party of Canada

First of all without any doubt a "polarization" of politics is coming into effect in the Canadian political landscape, what Canadians have to remember is that the Conservative Party of Canada under the leadership of the Right Hon. Harper changed radically. The Conservative Party of Canada today isn't at all the Progressive Conservatives that existed before. That "race" of politicians and that political conception of Canada seems to be extinct at least inside the new Conservative Party of Canada. Throughout the political history of Canada the Tories as we call them where the party of fellows like John Diefenbaker and John A. Macdonald, they had very different perception of what Canada's place should be. Today it's seems like we are assisting to an "Americanization" of Canadian politics through the policies implemented by the consecutive Harper administrations, through the loosening-up of gun registry and soon enough the move by the evangelistic wing of the new Harper majority to push for more regulation of abortion and so on. Since the ascension of Harper to PM and even before since his election as leader of the new Conservative Party the old Canadian "social-democratic" ideals, the heritage of Tommy Douglas and Pierre Elliot Trudeau have been seen as the "enemy'. In fact Harper has a hit-list and as we have seen throughout his previous mandates he will not stop until the Canadian social state is on it's knees. But how did things get so tangled-up how did Canada the idyllic north started becoming little by little the 51st State?

Preston Manning the influential leader of 

the Reform Party

To understand really this metamorphose of Canadian politics we have to go some what back in time, to the 1990's Canada was hit but a very severe economic crisis, Mulroney at the head of the Progressive Conservatives lead a series of economic reforms that would help put Canada back on track. During this period of economic stagnation, voices on the right would rise up to ask for reform. The link between the crisis of the 1990's and the birth of a new bread of right-leaning groups in Canada is doubtless. The Reform Party of Canada was without any doubt the spearhead of this right-wing "renaissance". Under the leadership of  Preston Manning they would destroy literally the Progressive Conservatives, robbing them of the Prairie and their western Canadian basis. In the 1993 election the Progressive Conservatives would drop to an unknown bottomless bottom. What was the appeal of the Reform Party? It was a populist movement that had for source of it's political capital the discontent of the ordinary folk against rising taxation. But the main factor driving this "Reform" movement to Ottawa was based on a western prairie movement (that then after extended to British Colombia) calling for a stronger representation of the west in Canadian politics. It called for lesser rights for the gay, lesbian and transexual communities, to give the first nations lesser importance, and to rebuke the idea of Quebec's autonomy. It was an evangelistic, populist, enraged movement against federal power (expect in the case of Quebec of course).  With it's electoral victories in 1993 and 1997  the "Reform" party forever divided Canadian politics. The Reform Party created the fault lines on which now the Conservative Party has gained a majority. Now the next question resides in the death of the Reform Party, the birth of the Canadian Alliance and all that mashed-up into gumbo gave us the new "Conservative Canada".

Canadian federal election of 1997 (In Green the Provinces that voted Reform)

Even with the impressive electoral performances in 1993 and 1997 that was the death sentence of the Progressive Conservatives, the Reform Party just couldn't get elected into governing. Yes back then Canada still was a "Liberal Nation" and the Canadians during that time input their trust in Chretien's Liberal Party with three majority governments (from the 1993 federal election through the 1997 election and finally with the 2000 election). So the option was rather simple it was the merger of the various political groups of the right in one strong Conservative Party. But before that happened the Canadian Alliance emerged replacing the Reform Party and tried harder and harder to "break the ice" in the eastern provinces of Ontario and of Quebec, without success. Like today with the NDP and the Liberal splintering up the vote and impeding the Canadian left a real chance to govern, back in the day it was the same old ball game the Progressive Conservatives won seats in Ontario and Quebec and the Canadian Alliance would take seats in the prairie provinces. And so was born the Unite the Right movement and through it's impulsion finally the two united to create the actual Conservative Party of Canada. This being the union wasn't an easy thing the Progressive Conservative electors were radically opposed to the idea of the merge, they preferred to vote Liberal then to vote for a Canadian Alliance candidate, and so when the union was finally formulated it seemed that it wouldn't last. And that's when the "Reformists" (a very iconoclastic bunch, made-up of tax haters/neo-liberals, social conservatives and western patriots) hijacked the conservative movement.

One of the consequences of the "Reformist Revolution" the 1995 Quebec referendum

I guess that if John Diefenbaker or MacDonald (maybe we should ask Mulroney) were they still alive, they would probably not recognize their party. Today the Conservative Party is not even the shadow of it's former self. We always look south of the border and  to the American political disarray to comfort ourselves. The problem is that we are heading down the same trend in little time, Ms. Sarah Palin could very well find a new home in Canada. The rapid ascension of Stephen Harper was only possible due to the grassroots movement that was already existent. The "Reformist Revolution" was the centrepiece of his political career, the front page story of the last two decades. The vision of Canada, of what Canada should be, the "Reformists" changed forever the Canadian political landscape, and that "change" has started to change Canadian society. The "Reformist" vision of a Conservative Canada in America's image has little by little has lingered into Canadian society, poverty is up on the rise, ever more perturbing is the rise of poverty among immigrant communities, they become more and more ghettoized shoved into a corner. The "Reformist Revolution" brought neo-liberalism and social conservatism into the mainstream of Canadian politics, the particular consequence of the appearance of these new ideologies in the Canadian political landscape was: the reduction of social programs, the liberalization of the Canadian market (that means through the efforts of Globalization a bigger share of the Canadian economy to American companies), the dismantlement of heath care and the reduction of funding for federal education. But one other flaw of the "Reformist Revolution" was the birth of a sort of Culture War inside Canadian politics, between the Canadian west that was the "stronghold" of this new born movement and Ontario and Quebec, specially Quebec. The Culture War would push Quebec into the hands of the sovereignist Bloc Quebec and put Quebec on the edge of the oblivion of independence during the referendum of 1995. The Conservative movement has played on this fault line of provincial division to assure their reign. The question that stands out is will the party of Diefenbaker (once champion of a Canadian conservatism), his ideological stance re-find it's place in Canadian politics?

Unite the Right campaign poster

The preexisting divisions between the basis of the now defunct Progressive Conservative Party, still hide under the sink of the actual Conservative Party, it's just a question of remembering those Red Tories that the political stance that Diefenbaker certainly deferred form the nowadays Canadian left, but that in the end the objective of a true north strong and free is not going to happen through the continuation of Harper's  rule. The "Diefenbaker ideology" is of course not a left-leaning ideology, but it has for base social-justice, the belief in meritocracy (opposed to capitalist oligarchy, the American model, that Harper tries to implement with so much zeal) and equal opportunities. This perception of Canada is completely opposed to the "Reformist" perception of the ideal Canadian society. In the end the Red Tories of Ontario and Quebec can find a home in the "grand" left of the political spectrum. A formation that would confederate the liberals, and the centre-left, the socialists and social-democrats on the left and to the centre the Red Tories. It's time to learn from the history of the "Reformist Revolution". Without any doubt the "Reformist Revolution" was the motor of the political surge that swept Canada and that today lead Harper to Ottawa at head of one of the greatest Conservative majorities in history. To save our Canada, the non-neoliberal nation, the home of Greenpeace, a nation of equal opportunities and a meritocracy based on equity and moral principals and not uncontrolled, wild capitalism, we have to fight the "Reformist Revolution" with a "Righteous Revolution" to reinstate the Canadian ideal.

Canada we stand on guard for thee.

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